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close studding
Close studding is a form of timber work used in timber-framed buildings in which vertical timbers (studs) are set close together, dividing the wall into narrow panels. Rather than being a structural feature, the primary aim of close studding is to produce an impressive front.〔(Looking at Buildings (Pevsner Architectural Guides): Close Studding ) (accessed 10 October 2007)〕
Close studding first appeared in England in the 13th century and was commonly used there from the mid-15th century until the end of the 17th century. It was also common in France from the 15th century.
==Description==
Although close studding is defined by the distance between the vertical timbers, the spacing used is variable, up to a maximum of around 2 feet (600 mm).〔 Studs can either span the full height of the storey or be divided by a middle (or intermediate) rail. To give the frame stability, some form of diagonal bracing is required.〔 Limewash and coloured paints would have been used to enhance the pattern.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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